ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic forced the educational institutions in the Philippines to go full online, full modular or blended during its height in 2020. This study surveyed students' perception of online classes after having experienced the modality for one school year. An online questionnaire was developed and validated to collect data relevant for this research. The Cronbach's alpha value obtained is 0.85 suggesting an acceptable internal reliability. The survey went through evaluation by experts and was found to be valid and reliable. The quantitative and qualitative data gathered show that the students perceive online or virtual classes as innovative. It increases their autonomy and self-determination. It opens access to variety of platforms, online resources, and materials. However, there is a need to improve conduct of online classes to make learning easy and enjoyable, make it more engaging and motivating. Findings in this study reveal that the general perception of students on the conduct of online classes is neither positive nor negative. However, most of the negative feedback come from unreliable internet connectivity, physiological issues, financial demands, delayed feedback and issues with authenticity of examination scores that come along with online instruction. The results of this study can be used as a basis for development of interventions that could help address the issues that come along with online learning. Further research is recommended to fill the gaps created by the virtual teaching and learning arrangements to assist educators and institution administrators in drafting policies and strategies in managing the challenges of online modality. © 2023 ACM.